Character Analysis of Under the Feet free essay sample

Estrella, all through the whole novel, fills in as the solid base for the family and through the setting set up, the crowd can see her develop in her social, political, practical, and social information. Estrella’s mother, Petra, was left quite a while back by her significant other. It is her conditions that the peruser is approached to relate with most. Estrella gains from her father’s vanishing that men can't be trusted or relied upon, and that ladies will for the most part consistently be left to deal with the family. Similarly as Petra has been deserted genuinely by Estrellas father, and intellectually by Perfecto, Estrella before long will come to be relinquished by Alejo. The way that Perfecto has not hitched her mom, encourages this thought of absence of responsibility made by the men throughout her life. â€Å"The eucalyptus trees lined the earth street like a column of slender moving young ladies fanning their plumes. We will compose a custom article test on Character Analysis of Under the Feet or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Estrella knows the universe of people through her mom Petra and Perfecto, ‘the man who was not her father’ (3). Viramontes is thoughtful to the men here and there, yet she underlines that when the men relinquish the family, the ladies are left to suffer for themselves and their youngsters. Estrella and Alejo’s relationship, fills in as a significant reason for the creators charge in this thought of torment. Alejo’s demise speaks to how by and by a female is abandoned. Estrella is the central core of the novel and her affection for Alejo, was a higher priority than Alejo himself or his demise. Helena Maria Viramontes Under the Feet of Jesus likewise depicts the enlivening in the characters’ social, political, practical, and social information. The book’s fundamental intrigue and force is the writers utilization of Estrella, who fills in as the point of convergence of all the huge issues. In one specific scene, we see Estrella playing with one an exposed doll. Estrella inquires as to whether she was alright and afterward shook the dolls head â€Å"No†. This discussion with the oll can be viewed as the feeling of refusal that happens in a child’s mind that isn't permitted to transparently communicate, her apprehensions, her tensions, and her expectations. She permits the doll to speak to her genuine sentiments about the way of life of living she is put in. She is a one of a kind and fascinating person, who won't grow up to be wrecked by financial issues, troublesome work, and particularly men. She is being brought up in reality as we know it where ladies are relied upon to endure quietly and to be helpless before their men. Be that as it may, men were not expected to restore this slave-like conduct for the ladies. This setting of the novel permits the peruser to see precisely how slippery life can be. This enduring is so present in Estrella’s family’s lives, yet she by one way or another can bring the family along regardless of how troublesome the circumstance might be. She is as yet caught in the middle of two totally different universes: She attempted to recall which side she was on and which side of the wire work she was protected in (59). Her mom might be taken over by a universe of torment, however she isn't beaten to the point that she can't give a portion of her battling soul to Estrella. Estrella is pushed to develop totally while still a kid, and is compelled to manage grown-up issues and assignments. Estrella is such a solid character in this novel and unquestionably fills in as the point of convergence of social, political, affordable, and social development. Her setting and connections permit the peruser to see precisely how mankind, regardless of the age, can conquer troublesome occasions. There is a soul and fire in Estrella, seen through her words and activities, that permits one to see she won't be covered in an existence of torment, but instead make a point to make a fruitful life for herself. The absence of enduring appeared through Estrella’s activities when contrasted with different characters truly shows how amazing and certain of a youngster she truly is. The character is certainly one that a peruser will recollect because of her development, quality, and energy when times may appear to be too hard to even think about bearing. Work Cited Viramontes, Helena Maria. Under the Feet of Jesus. New York: Plume, 1996. Print.

Statistics Exercise 36 Answers

Exercise 36 Answers 1. Since the F esteem is huge, in light of the p-estimation of 0. 005 which is under 0. 05 which is adequate to dismiss the invalid speculation. This proposes there is a distinction in the control and treatment gatherings. 2. Since the p-esteem is under 0. 05 and therefor the invalid speculation can be dismissed. This presents the mean, trouble and versatility scores, must be distinctive 3. The outcome was factually huge with a likelihood score of p < 0. 001. 4. Truly, on the grounds that 0. 001 < 0. 01 would at present be critical. . The 0. 04 > 0. 01 would show that there is no measurable centrality and aside from the invalid and reason that there is no distinction between the gatherings. 6. NOVA can't be utilized to test proposed connections or anticipated relationships between's factors in a solitary gathering. This is on the grounds that ANOVA is tests connections inside different gatherings and among the gatherings. 7. The examination had 149 subjec ts and 2 gatherings 8. The quality of the examination where that they incorporate a benchmark group to test the needy variable to inspect the distinctions over time.The shortcoming of the investigation originates from the low number of subjects in the investigation. More subjects would have made the examination increasingly noteworthy. 9. The examination results showed a noteworthy improvement in the agony scores of ladies with OA who got the treatment of guided symbolism (F(1, 26) =4. 406, p = 0. 046). Therefore, the invalid theory was dismissed. In any case, as I would like to think I would have jumped at the chance to have seen a bigger number of subjects. Likewise, including the standard deviations for the treatment and control bunches additionally are expected to figure the impact size in the study.The impact size is expected to direct a force examination to foresee the example size required for future investigations. 10. Potential issues and impediment with the examination is that the agony that prompts restricted versatility and may prompt inability which can obstruct them structure taking the medicines. Additionally, with it being over so long range you need to stress over subjects halting the treatment and with a low number of subjects this could change the information radically.

Topics For Agriculture Essay

Topics For Agriculture EssayTo write an essay, first you need to consider the topics for agriculture. By knowing the topics, you can then plan how you will discuss these topics.The topics for agriculture related articles range from the various facts about agriculture to the concerns of farmers and farming professionals. In fact, the topics vary from one place to another. However, the topics for agriculture are essential elements that may affect your writing ability.For example, it is vital to take a look at the writer's skill as a writer, to see if you have good writing skills. If you do not have writing skills, you may want to focus on your essay writing abilities. Actually, writing skills are the most important parts in essay writing. A well-written essay will reflect your unique personality, and it will make you a winner among your fellow classmates.In addition, if you are a great writer, you may also want to include the most informative article in your article, because it will se rve as the backbone of your essay. Your reader will be able to find your key points and determine the success of your writing.The second most important thing is to identify the main topic of your essay. Since you are planning to write a thesis statement, you may want to focus on the main topic.However, this only means that you should be clear about the main topic and you should also know where you are going to include each point. Remember that you are writing for your classmates and your professor.Besides, you have to note that your classmates may not like essays that are too long, so you have to ensure that you can write an essay that is well structured. You should also know how to structure your essay in a manner that it can fit in with your school rules.Since you have studied how to write an essay, you now know what topics for agriculture you should consider. Once you know your topic, you can go ahead and begin writing your essay.

Essay about Preventing and Assessing Intensive Care Unit...

Abstract Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has become a genuine phenomenon and can be problematic for the patient and the staff caring for them. Delirium occurs when a patient is placed in an unfamiliar environment and has to endure the stress of not just the hospitalization but the stimuli of the environment, which can cause disturbances in consciousness. Patients can become confused, anxious, and agitated; making this difficult for the staff to correctly diagnosis and care for them. Sleep deprivation and environmental factors along with neurotransmitters are strongly related to the occurrence of ICU delirium. ICU staff needs to become more educated on prevention, detection, and proper treatment for the patient experiencing this†¦show more content†¦This may lead to illusions or hallucinations (Figueroa-Ramos, Arroyo-Novoa, Lee, Padilla, Puntillo, 2009). Some signs of delirium are restlessness, anxiety, hallucinations, agitation, disorientation, and any abnormal behavior. S ome causes of ICU delirium are due to drugs, stress, environmental factors, and sleep deprivation. Studies show a strong connection between sleep deprivation and delirium. Alterations in specific neurotransmitters are the basis of current research (Figueroa-Ramos, Arroyo-Novoa, Lee, Padilla, Puntillo, 2009). Enhanced assessment and nursing implementations to better prevent and detect ICU delirium will bring improved outcomes for this particular patient population. There are many ways to assess for ICU delirium. Two of the most reliable and easiest methods are basic observations from the bedside nurse and The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). The CAM includes nine different criteria for delirium (1) acute onset and fluctuation, (2) inattention, (3) disorganized thinking, (4) altered level of consciousness, (5) disorientation, (6) memory impairment, (7) perceptual disturbances, (8) psychomotor agitation or retardation, and (9) altered sleep-wake cycle. A delirium diagnosis is given when criteria one and two and either three or four are present. The second assessment tool for delirium detection is made from nursing observations. The nurse observes the patient throughout theirShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Complications In Healthcare1186 Words   |  5 Pagescomplications (IVAC). Being able to meet my HealthPeople 2020 objective of decreasing VAE’s within my agency’s intensive care unit (ICU) goal, I will be focusing on the ABCDEF care bundle along with oral care that pertains to our mechanical ventilated patients. Patients in the ICU are much sicker and have more complicated needs in care. For our agencies nursing staff to perform safe and quality care practice to patients, it is necessary to provide them with tools and resources. One of these tools thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Delirium1886 Words   |  8 PagesDelirium is an acute change in brain function that can be accompanied by inattention and either a change in cognition or perceptual disturbances (Allen and Alexander, 2012).  Delirium in critical care patients is very common, it actually occurs  in 2 out of 3 intensive care  patients who are on a ventilator,  but often goes undetected because delirium monitoring is considered too time consuming or unreliable (Reade  and  Finfer, 2014).   Intensive care unit (ICU) patients that have delirium spend more daysRead MoreAlarm Fatigue Among Nurses At Clinical Care Areas And The Resulting Potential For Harm Among The Patient Population1848 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper examines this culture of alarm fatigue among nurses in clinical care areas and the resulting potential for harm among the patient population. Although alarm fatigue may happen in any clinical area with frequent or repetitive alarms, this paper focuses on the phenomenon in critical care. The broad scope of this issue coupled with the high risk of patient harm demands insight and action from the nursing profession. By discussion and review of contributing factors such as repetitive alarmsRead MoreOlder Clients Essay8017 Words   |  33 PagesPatricia Moore 1260239100 HLTEN515B Older Clients Assessment 2 Aged Care 2 P/T November group L 26 April 2013 HLTEN515B Assessment 2 – Short Answer Questions Student Name Student Number Date Instructions: Please answer the following questions in a new Word doc and upload to my.TAFE on completion. There is no word limit on each question, however please ensure you answer the question thoroughly and reference where you sourced your information from. 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All of her previous admissions have been in the context of either threats of self harm or actual overdoses. Jane receives ongoing mental health treatment from her GP. At tonight’s hospital presentation, Jane is mildly intoxicated withRead MoreEthical And Medic Legal Issues2685 Words   |  11 PagesIn writing this essay I have introduced a 25 year old female named Jane. Jane is well known to this hospital as she has had six previous admissions and had recently spent four weeks in the inpatient unit prior to being discharged after setting fire to a bed. All of her previous admissions have been in the context of either threats of self harm or actual overdoses. Jane receives ongoing mental health treatment from her GP. At ton ight’s presentation, Jane is mildly intoxicated with alcohol andRead MoreA Study to Assess the Knowledge Level of the Patient Student Nurse Regarding Post Operative Care to Improve Knowledge Practice in Hamidiya Hospital Year - 20108080 Words   |  33 Pages[pic] [pic] POST OPERATIVE CARE SUBMITTED BY:- (GROUP ‘VI’) A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE LEVEL OF THE PATIENT STUDENT NURSE REGARDING POST OPERATIVE CARE TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE PRACTICE IN HAMIDIYA HOSPITAL YEAR - 2010 Study Submitted In Partial Fulfillment Of The Requirement For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Science In Nursing SUPERVISED BY:- SIGNATURE OF PRINCIPAL MISS ROSHANIRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 PagesAdvancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care A Roadmap for Hospitals Quality Safety Equity A Roadmap for Hospitals Project Staff Amy Wilson-Stronks, M.P.P., Project Director, Health Disparities, Division of Quality Measurement and Research, The Joint Commission. Paul Schyve, M.D., Senior Vice President, The Joint Commission Christina L. Cordero, Ph.D., M.P.H., Associate Project Director, Division of Standards and Survey Methods, The JointRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesproduct life cycle. At its simplest it is depicted as a normal curve over time with regularly growing then declining demand. âž ¡ Strategy unfolds over a sequence of time periods. Competition evolves through a series of skirmishes and battles across the units of time covered by the product life cycle. âž ¡ Single-period profit is a function of: âž ¡ âž ¡ âž ¡ The price level ruling for the period The accumulated volume experience of the enterprise The enterprise’s achieved volume as a proportion of capacity.

Compare and contrast the two main figures of the European...

Napoleons tragedy was that his ambitions surpassed his capacities; Bismarcks tragedy was that his capacities exceeded his societys ability to absorb them. The legacy Napoleon left for France was strategic paralysis; the legacy the Bismarck left for Germany was unassimilable greatness(statement made by Henry Kissinger) is in my opinion a correct statement. This statement can actually be separated into two parts. The first parts relates with the capacities, ambitions and successes of Bismarck and Napoleon. The second part is about the final result of their reign and how their reigns could be taken over after such changing of Europe. Bismarck main objective was to bring together the German states and to form a powerful great German†¦show more content†¦He wanted to create division in Europe, therefore he created crisis here and there, but couldnt control the outcomes afterwards! Time and again, he would encourage a crisis - now in Italy, now in Poland, later in Germany - only to recoil before its ultimate consequence (P.107 Kissinger) or Napoleon made himself the prisoner of crisis he had himself engineered (P.107 Kissinger). Those crises would finally result in Italy and Germany as Unification and new difficulties for Napoleon to cope with. His foreign affaires always came out to be failures and to finally work against him. Napoleon destroyed by many ways all the other alliances that were made between France and other great powers, by supporting conflicts that wouldnt even benefit France. He supported the Italians in the war against Austria, this laid to Italian Unification which made one more power to deal with afterwards. He finally concluded an armistice with Austria ... without informing his Piedmontese allies (P.111 Kissinger), creating hatred among the Italians towards his country. Austria was considered by Napoleon as repugnant, therefore he wouldnt try to collaborate with them: As a Bonaparte, [Napoleon 3] never felt comfortable cooperating with Austria, whatever raison detat might dictate (P.110 Kissinger). Napoleon lost the sympathy of Great Britain by annexing territory and by being repeatedly annoying. Napoleon alienated Great Britain by annexing SavoyShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Li ves and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesBrier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David MRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesrelevance and application, the pressures at play are more likely to push in the opposite direction. Rather than building on a strong tradition of really useful relationships between the practical and academic spheres in accounting, I sense that the two worlds have less and less to do with one another. It is therefore ever more important to reflect on the contributions which Michael Bromwich has made. He played an important role in the diffusion of modern practices of capital investment appraisal in

Hamlet s Downfall Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet

Hamlet’s Downfall William Shakespeare’s Hamlet is perhaps the most significant tragedy ever written in literature to date. Hamlet is a reflection of everyday life at some point. Revenge against one another is commonly used in comparison Hamlet to modern life. Shakespeare’s Hamlet eloquently uses foreshadowing and other literary techniques to portray the insanity of Hamlet, which lead to his downfall. â€Å"Hamlet’s test assumes that a criminal, when confronted with his deeds, confesses his guilt through visible, physical responses† (Mendes 269). Hamlet ultimately drives himself mad with his obsession with avenging his father’s death. The foreshadowing aids the understanding that Hamlet’s insanity is coming and soon his downfall will follow.†¦show more content†¦The murderous truth confirmed by the Ghost is more than Hamlet can bear all at once. However, Hamlet wants to make sure that the Ghost is not a devil trying to deceive him before he kills King Claudius. He ends up telling Horatio that if he acts strangely just ignore it, â€Å"How strange or odd some’er I bear myself (as I perchance hereafter shall think meet to put an antic disposition on), that you, at such, seeing me, never shall, with arms encumbered thus, or this head-shake† (Shakespeare 169-173 I. v). This line was spoken to Horatio and Marcellus by Hamlet after Horatio and Marcellus swear by Hamlet’s sword that they will not tell a soul about Hamlet’s encounter with the ghost. Hamlet’s paranoia begins consuming him and draws great concern from his mother. His plan to catch his father’s murder seems to be working, but the madness begins to devour Hamlet’s senses. Concerned for her son, Gertrude confides in Polonius, counselor to the King. They meet in her chambers talk about Hamlets strange behavior toward them. Hamlet rushes in to speak with his mother while Polonius hides behind the curta in. Hamlet toys with his mother with his words of mistrust and betrayal. His play of insanity changed his devotion to his mother as they argue about insulting Claudius. Hamlet’s aggressive behavior with Gertrude becomes evident as he speaks harshly of her, â€Å"You are the queen, your husband’s brother’s wife and wouldShow MoreRelatedHamlet Character Analysis1502 Words   |  7 PagesWritten by William Shakespeare, Hamlet has a strong relationship with the authors society and era, being the late 1500’s to early 1600’s. Hamlet, a character is confliction with his society, shows different views and actions to his fellow Danish men. Shakespeare could create a character whom through Hamlet’s life choices, his own historical and cultural context and the state of Hamlet being in confliction with the Elizabethan-era and Nihilism showed immense differences from his society, which ShakespeareRead MoreShakespeare s Madness : A Timeless Reflection O f Society1535 Words   |  7 Pagesschizophrenia, dementia, and psychosis; however, these illnesses prove not to be the exact cause of the various downfalls to the characters throughout the play Hamlet. The author, William Shakespeare, depicts a different type of insanity in the play, one that seems ambiguous but also feels eerily similar to ones that still affect others to this day. Shweta Bali, author of Mechanics of Madness in Hamlet, Macbeth, and King Lear, reiterates this by stating, â€Å"Insanity—real or obfuscated—is integral to the fiberRead More Hamlets Oedipus Complex Essays1190 Words   |  5 Pagesattachment to his mother. D.H Lawrenceamp;#8217;s Sons and Lovers, along with other early modernist works, shows how a sonamp;#8217;s bond to his mother can lead to that characteramp;#8217;s major downfall. Even earlier than works of the late 19th Century does the Oedipus Complex appear, in this case, William Shakespeareamp;#8217;s Hamlet. Shakespeareamp;#8217 ;s play about the Prince of Denmark shows the beginning of an Oedipal Complex, with Hamletamp;#8217;s jealousy of his uncle Claudius for marryingRead MoreHamlet And Gertrude s Relationship1267 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet and Gertrude’s Relationship in Hamlet In many of William Shakespeare’s tragedies, Shakespeare writes about the relationships maintained between his characters. Of these relationships, Shakespeare examines the connection between family members, particularly the relationship between parents and child. In Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Hamlet†, Shakespeare writes about the relationship between Hamlet and his mother, Queen Gertrude, to drive the plot forward.. Throughout much of the play, their relationshipRead MoreHamlets Journey Through the Grieving Process in Shakespeares Hamlet1245 Words   |  5 Pagesover take someone’s life and lead to a negative downfall, such as Hamlet experiences in Hamlet, written by Williams Shakespeare. He undergoes a variety of barriers throughout the novel, such as his father is murdered, which leads to his downfall-death. Although Hamlet grieves, the denial stage is not present in the novel as it begins months after his father’s death. He does not fulfill the bargaining stage either. Ultimately, one can clearly see Hamlet fulfills the grieving process through the stagesRead More Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth 921 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. TheRead MoreShakespeare s Hamlet - Hamlet And Ophelia958 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet and Ophelia The play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare is the perfect example of how love can not always conquer all. Hamlet may be regarded as one of Shakespeare s greatest plays. This play follows the story of a young prince named Hamlet who lost his father and had his family torn apart by the hands of his Uncle, Claudius who is now king and step father to Hamlet. Subsequently, Hamlet was also having relational problems with his love, Ophelia. The relationship between Hamlet and OpheliaRead MoreSupernatural in Hamlet754 Words   |  4 PagesIn the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Thus, the supernatural is a recurring aspect in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and augments the impact of many key scenes. The supernatural appears to the audience in many varied forms. In Ham let, the most notable form of the supernaturalRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s King Lear, Hamlet, Othello And Macbeth1206 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 3.7: Achievement Standard 91478 Introduction Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright, and actor. Through analysing four tragedy texts by Shakespeare, I have noticed he uses the fall of the main character as the primary focus in his tragedies as this creates good suspense and climax as an added attraction for the audience. A Shakespearean tragedy, is a five-act play and they usually revolve around a similar idea of conflict. This is the Internal and external Conflict within the characterRead MoreKing Hamlet By William Shakespeare1641 Words   |  7 Pagesstory open to interpretation. Shakespeare was particularly fond of allowing his audience and his readers the freedom to interpret the deeper meaning of his work. Of the many themes in the play â€Å"Hamlet†, the concept of memory is the most influential, specifically, the memory of King Hamlet represented by the ghost. The memory of King Hamlet created an aura of mystery within the play, leaving much of it open to interpretation. Moreover, the memory of the late King Hamlet was the driving force of the

The Nation of Islam Are They Islamic free essay sample

Compares the Nation of Islam with traditional Islam. This paper examines the Nation of Islam as a social movement and tests whether its traditions and roots are really found in traditional Islam. The presence of God (Allah) is another and maybe the most critical difference between the Nation of Islam and traditional Muslims. The Nation of Islam was founded in the 1930s by a man named W. Fard Muhammad. Fard Muhammad believed he was sent to wake the black nation to the full range of the black mans possibilities in a world temporarily dominated by the blue eyed devils.(5) It is the Nation of Islam who has since said, We Believe that Allah appeared in the Person of Master W. Fard Muhammad, July, 1930; the long awaited Messiah of the Christians and the Mahdi of the Muslims.(6) Fard Muhammad taught that the African American culture was unique and separate from that of the Caucasian devils. We will write a custom essay sample on The Nation of Islam: Are They Islamic? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (7)

Review of the methods to enhance efficiencies of solar pvcs Essay Example

Review of the methods to enhance efficiencies of solar pvcs Essay These are the questions that one individual should ask himself if he/she does an research on these organic solar cells. The reason behind their entry is the scarcity of existing crystalline solar cell manufacturing base material, day by day hiking cost. As we all know that the polymers and simple molecules are abundant on earths surface and are cheaper in cost, and having desirable physical properties like light weight, flexibility etc. These are initial parameters those pushed the researchers to step in and take the motive of introducing organic solar cells into semiconductor device industry. Initially silicon based solar cells were in many, but because of cost factor and their respective material properties they were moderately replaced by organic photo voltaic cells. As they are cheap, lightweight and are easy to fabricate they are in lead to crystalline organic photo voltaic cells. Devices made of these are supposed to have a theoretical efficiency of 10%. But, today, the efficiency we have for a small molecule organic photo voltaic cell is in the range of (0. 3-1. 3)%. Hence, efforts for higher efficiencies are under research for many years, and these researchers have even a point to notice that the designing and synthesis of donor acceptor materials is vital for an efficient organic photo voltaic cell. Challenges so far we have are because of their low efficiency, low strength, low stability, and sensitiveness to environment. Factors like band gap, charge carrier density, absorption coefficient for incident solar spectrum in visible and near IR range are important to improve the efficiencies. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of the methods to enhance efficiencies of solar pvcs specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review of the methods to enhance efficiencies of solar pvcs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review of the methods to enhance efficiencies of solar pvcs specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this report we mainly focus on the organic solar cells based on small molecules. Having said that, we should know, why small molecules? The reason behind that is these small molecules has mostly hydrocarbons with carbon atoms alternatively linked to neighbor carbon atoms with alternate single-double bonding resulting into conjugated systems. In these systems the electrons in the p-z orbitals idealizes to form a idealized bond with orbital and anti-bonding with orbital. Where the orbital is considered as highest occupying molecular orbital (HOMO) and is least occupying molecular orbital(LOOM). Hence the gap between these two is considered to be the band-gap. Hence in small molecules the band-gap angels from 1-4 eve, which is moderately favorable for making a photo voltaic cell. When these systems absorb a photon, exited state is created in which e?ho pair is formed and is found to be bounded by electrostatic interaction. Hence, these conjugated systems are very vital to be maintained inside each small molecule. Slightly introducing the type of materials required. We first of all concerned about the properties like band-gap, high temperature resistant, thickness, charge carrier density, ease of fabrication, and stability. For a material, to be a desired one, it should have moderate band-gap I. . In the semiconductor range with high charge carrier density, high strength and resistance at high temperatures, long life of functioning, moderate if possible low thickness, high absorption cross-section to incident solar spectrum and ease to process and fabricate. As a part of our discussion in this term paper we will see what type of materials are necessary and how they function under applied light and generated electric field. For a small molecule based organic photo voltaic cell we generally choose indium oxide as electrode-I and metals with low work functions electrode-2. Generally we use Aluminum, Magnesium or Calcium. The difference between work functions between two electrodes develops electric field in organic layer. When light is incident on these elements sextons are produced as electrons are exited to LOOM leaving behind holes in HOMO. Potential difference due to difference in work functions separates the electron-hole pair inside the organic layer and pulls them as electrons to positive electrode and holes to the negative electrode. Here, the positive electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a non-metallic part of circuit. Most importantly, for high efficiencies we should have high charge carrier density inside organic layer and controlling the loss of energy as heat from the organic layer surface. Hence we adopt some efficiency improvement methods based on the properties and functioning nature of the materials. Below are some of the methods we have reviewed to improve the efficiencies of organic photo voltaic cell based on small molecules. They are as follows: Methods to improve the efficiencies of organic solar cells based on small molecules: For a PVC (Organic Photo Voltaic Cell) based on copper pathetically-CO introducing beatification between buckminsterfullerene and aluminum cathodes gives the improvement of efficiency up to ;4%. Improving stability and lifetime of layered structure. Minimized charge recombination loss in Poops. Minimizing water and oxygen induced degradation of small molecules in Poops. Improving the efficiency of solution processed small molecule Poops using thermal annealing. By combining two vacuum processed heterogeneous to optimize the absorption power of PVC and controlling the construction parameters thereby making them efficient. Using a unstructured sandwich processing. Controlling parameters like band gap and dissipation of energy in the form of heat. By making molecules face to face by maintaining optimum donor acceptor relative positions. By energy harvesting and improved storage methods. Solution processing of small molecules to improve efficiency by 6. %. We will now further proceed into each method of improving efficiency in-detail. As we have noticed from above methods, we have adopted, most of them are having their vital role during processing of an PVC rather than it is being a product. Hence, in an semiconductor industry the manufacturing processes of elements is given prior rarity. For a PVC (Organic Photo Voltaic Cell) based on copper pathetical ly-CO gives the improvement of efficiency up to ;4% Most efforts are being made from past few decades to improve the efficiency of Poops. One among them is by inserting beatification(BCC) between fulfiller and aluminum cathode, organic thin film POP cells based on Chauncey-CO is observed to have an increased efficiency up to greater than 4%. Reason behind the insertion of this BCC layer is to minimize the exited loss during incident light and electric field. As the BCC inserted, obviously lays a very important roles in these cells by blocking the exited transport and hence named as Exited Blocking Layer. Once the exited transport is blocked, increases the charge carrier density inside the organic layer and minimizes the losses related to them and finally increasing the efficiency grater than 4%. Before the insertion of this BCC layer, the efficiency is around 1-1. 5%. Hence it is considered to be a good move in increasing the efficiency. But, a new problem has arises because of BCC insertion. The Poops lifetime was decreased; now the lifetime is about only few hours. This ay be probably due to the instability of inserted BCC layer, as it is easily crystallized in moist environment. BCC was already used for improving the electroluminescent efficiency in organic Leeds. However their lifetime is also found short because of instability of BCC layer. Hence for improving the stability we dope the BCC with PITCH (3,4,9,10-perpendicularitys-licks-biomedical) Improving stability and lifetime of layered structure. In this section a small molecule PVC with the structure of TIT I Donor electoral I buffer layer I III is studied as a case where we can improve efficiency to some extent. In this experiment the usage of Alas s a buffer layer instead of BCC is seen. Reason for using Alas instead of BCC is to use the effective blockage of waters lozenge to permeate through the acceptor layer. Another role of this new buffer layer is to block the diffusing cathode atoms into active layer during deposition and hence improve the efficiency. Describing the experiment, which is carried at room temperature without encapsulation, starting from deposition to the results in improved efficiency. Three types of buffer layers were used to study the I-V characteristics of the device in both light and dark. The layered structure of the PVC is shown below. As we can see the buffer layer is separating the cathode from CO. The three layers are For device. A with BCC as buffer layer, for device. B with 50% BCC+50% Alas, for device. C with pure Alas as buffer layer. In this experiment the power conversion efficiencies for all the three are measured under the illumination Oriel Solar Simulator producing an AM 1. 56 spectrum. The I-V characteristics are recorded by Keith 2400. The calibrated I-V characteristic is shown below. The experimental results from I-V characteristics ( Voce, Sis, IF) are tabulated below. Device Buffer Layer used Voce (V) Sis (ma/CM) Filling Factor(IF) Efficiency(%) A OHIOÂ ¼BCC. 42 5. 09 0. 49 1. 39 B 0. 49 5. 8 0. 464 1. 75 C 100% AlAlas. 506 6. 03 0. 52 2. 11 The irradiation intensity used is 75mawmCMf A. M 1. 5 simulated solar spectrum. Above values are same for the three devices under investigation. From the tabulated values it is clear that AlAlass most effective than BCBCCnd further experimental results have shown that the lifetime is increased up to 150 time the initial one. Hence by inserting an buffer layer which acts as blocking layer without affecting the life time of evvices also one of the good options of improving the efficiencies. Minimized charge recombination loss in OPPoopsIn this section we discuss about minimizing the recombination losses of CuCupTPatchhotovoltaic cell by employing spin forbidden transition to reduce the recombination loss in OPPoopsWithout the mixing processes like spin-orbit coupling, spin-lattice interaction and hyperfine coupling he spin conversion process between singlet and triplet is not possible. The molecular ground state have a singlet spin symmetry and hence the triplet CT states are forbidden to come and relax into the ground state. We an use this method to reduce the loss of recombination. The open circuit voltage and the fill factor can be improved by minimizing the recombination loss. Once VoVocend Fill factor are improved keeping IsSisonstant the efficiency improvement will take place. Minimizing water and oxygen induced degradation of small molecules in oppoopsThis section aims at complete knowledge of degradation of molecules because of water and oxygen during operation in small molecule based OPPoops Once material degradation takes place, its consequences affect the physical, mechanical and electrical properties of materials, and hence the efficiency of device. The most significant degradation mechanisms for organic solar cells is diffusion of molecular oxygen and water into the device. The organic solar cell we discuss in this section is of the composition ITTITnd A1AYre the two electrodes where ITTITehaves like anode and A1AYs like cathode. In this experiment we have three sets of samples with same coconfigurationThree types of environments are used in dark and light modes. Environments used are nitrogen, oxygen and water. The lifetime or end of lifetime of a solar cell is quoted as T88THr TSTTShich is the time taken by the device to reach 80% or 50% of its ininitialrreferenceWe use these values to record the lifetime of the above species in different environmental conditions. The results are tabulated below: Device name Intensity (W/m2mmTemperature (occoReReelHumidity(%) Atmosphere (1 atATMLife time( T88TH55THN2NOight 330 49 0 N2NO) 405/2700 N2NOark 0 26 0 N2NOlove box) 1802 Light 330 49 0-17AAA3/74 1802 Dark 0 48 0-17AAA H2H2O80 Light 330 39 65 H2H2O80:N2NO. /11 H2H2O80 Dark 048 65 H2H2O80:N2NO As we can see from the tabulated results, the life time is decreasing for water case than in oxygen case. Hence degradation is seen largely in case of water than in xyoxygenFollowing table will provide the knowledge of how the efficiency changes with different types of injection. Water injection showing the effect on Short circuit current, open circuit voltage , fill factor, and efficiency. As we can see from above data that the efficiency after injection is gradually decreasing. From the above data it is clear that the efficiency dropping Just after the oxygen injection is not as bad as water injection. Hence a moist free environment during preparing a layered structure, will play a vital role in improving the efficiencies of cells. Improving the efficiency of solution rorecessedmall molecule OPPoopssing thermal annealing. In this section we discuss about the insertion of (beFontainebleauBTBETunction into a ollighthousesackbones should lead to some interesting features for the photovoltaic applications. In addition, to enhance the light absorption properties by thermal annealing of active layers, and increase the hole mobility by inducing the self-organization of conjugated polymers or small molecules thereby increasing the efficiency of OPPoopsAll experimental conditions were carried under argon atmosphere with the use of standard scschlepsechniques. After being made the cell is having an effective area of 4mmomThe thermal annealing is carried out by directly placing the completed devices directly on a digitally controlled hotplate at various temperatures in a argon filled glove-box. The I-V characteristic curves of the photovoltaic cells are obtained by keKeith400 source measure unit. Results of the experiment with improved efficiencies is tabulated below: As we can see from the above three the normalized absorption region is high in particular range of wavelength. We can clearly see the LULUMPnd HOMO with their respective reduction and oxidation potential values. Following table gives the knowledge of effect of annealing on efficiency for different types of devices under different conditions. Hence annealing a device at appropriate temperature and under appropriate conditions will change the PCPACEfEfficiencyup to a significant extent. By combining two vacuum processed hetero Junctions to optimize the absorption power of OPPVCnd controlling the construction parameters thereby making them efficient. In this part of discussion, we have the concept of combining two vacuum processed single hetero junction organic solar cell with complementary absorption are described. The red bsabsorbingetero Junction consists of C6COnd a fluorinated zinc ptpathologicallyF4IFZnZinc thThateads to 0. 1-0. V open circuit voltage than the commonly used ZnZincFrom the manufacturing point of view, tandem concepts offer an advantage, due to serial connection of sub-cells the efficiency is increased by adding up voltages rather than currents. To increase the efficiency, we have to increase the absorption cross-section of the OPPVCFor absorption at longer wavelengths the fluorinated ptpatheticallyeriv ative (F4IFnZincis used as donor instead of ZnZincAs F4IFnZincs efficient in lowering the ionominationotential from 5. 1 eVveto. 46 eVeveue to the electron withdrawing character of the fluorine atoms. Higher fluorinated ptpathologicallytoms can be used as acceptors in organic solar cells. The absorption features of F4IFnZincn mixed layers with C6COre comparable to ZnZincexhibiting strong ababsorbencyn the red part of the spectrum peaking at 630 nmNMnd extending to above 800 nmNMThis is a good quality which is desired, as it increases the absorption coefficient of organic photovoltaic surface and thus increasing the efficiency. Heating the above mixed layer has the same effect that of common one but leads to an improvement in charge arairierensity. This can be seen through the mismatch of I-V characteristics. Hence here above we found out two more concepts of increasing the efficiencies. Now we further look into the dependence of efficiency on factors like light intensity, angle of illumination and temperature. For a OPPVCith a given efficiency, thickness and incident wavelength the most important factors on which we should concern about are the performance of the device under different illumination intensities for varying illumination angles at typical operating temperatures. 343429000449580Fromig. : The nfinfluencef illumination intensity on the device performance from 0. 5mMomcmCMo 310 mWmmmCMThe illumination is provided by halogen lamp kept at constant temperature of 25ICCheHereJsSCs directly proportional to lint over the complete range of illumination intensities. VoVoces increasing continuously with lint but below logarithmic value. FFIFhows weak maximum at lint?70mawmCMfter which it decreases by approximately 4% up to 31mawmCMThis shows the maximum power point to be mostly sub-line ar and the maximum efficiency approximately at 40mawcmCMFrom fig. : The influence of illumination intensity on the device performance roroom. 5mMomcmCMo 310 mWmmmCMThe illumination is provided by halogen lamp kept at constant temperature of 25ICCheHereJsSCs directly proportional to lint over the complete range of illumination intensities. VoVoces increasing continuously with lint but below logarithmic value. FFIFhows weak maximum at lint?70mawmCMfter which it decreases by approximately 4% up to 31mawmCMThis shows the maximum power cmCMGiven below is the calibrated data showing the dependence of illumination intensity on the device performance:leleptonsing a naunstructuredandwich processing. In this section we will see the structural dependence of OPPVCevice layers on efficiency. Researchers found that the efficiency of a device is almost tripled when naunstructuredandwich metal and plastic are used. These type of structures can collects and traps the light more effectively than any other. The nanotechnology is used to overcome the challenges that cause solar cells to lose energy. Challenges like light reflecting from the layered surface and inability of the cell to capture the light fully that enters in. But with the help of this NaAnnaaterial sandwich we can answer both the problems. The sandwich, which is generally called as sub-wavelength plplatonicavity. Have extraordinary characteristics of damping reflection and trapping light. Using this technique research studies have show us that only approximately 4% of the light is reflected and as much as 96% of the light is absorbed accounted for the increase in efficiency up to 52%. Above description is only for the direct sunlight(perpendicular light falling normal to the surface). This efficiency is much more for a solar cell surface upon which the light incident is at large angles i.Ie.EonOnloudy days and when cells not facing the light directly/ erreproductivelyBy capturing these light incident at large angles one can boost up the efficiency up to extra 81%, combining a total of 175% increase in efficiency. Thought the physics behind the innovation is complex the device structure is simple. The window layer(top layer) is extremely fine metal mesh and of the size of 30NMhick with each mesh having diameter of 17Mannnd 25NMpart. This mesh layer can even replace the ITTITayer. A picture of such naAnnaesh layer is shown below: The mesh window layer is placed very close to the bottom layer of the sandwich, the same metal film used in conventional solar cells. In between the two metal sheets is a thin strip of sesemiconductoraterial used in solar panels. It can be any type silicon, plastic or gallium arsenide although ChCohoseam used an 85-nanometer- thick plastic. The solar cells features the spacing of the mesh, the thickness of the sandwich, the diameter of the holes are all smaller than the wavelength of the light being collected. This is critical because light behaves in very unusual ways in sub- wavelength structures. ChCohoseam discovered that using these sub-wavelength structures allowed them to create a trap in which light enters, with almost no effleetingand does not leave, and hence efficiency is drastically can be increased. Here we will see some of the common factors like band gap of semiconductor, electric charge recombination and energy dissipation in the form of heat, which are limiting factors for power conversion efficiency of a solar cell. Light with less than the enenergyf band gap cannot be absorbed and cannot generate electricity inside the organic layer. Let say that the light with higher intensity and higher than the band gap is incident and generated the electricity inside the device and lets say that the charges aveaveeen generated. These generated charges if lost because of recombination; the electric current inside the device will decrease: and so the electric power of the cell will decrease. The relation between the maximum conversion efficiency and optical absorption edge are given in the following pipickHere: The red line represents the conventional theoretical limit of single-junction- inorganic cell; blue line represents the theoretical limit of the single-junction-organic solar cell; the black line represents the theoretical limit of the multi-]unction-organic cell. The theoretically calculated photoelectric conversion efficiency for a single junction- organic photovoltaic cell is about 21%. From the above picture we can see that for an appropriate range of optical absorption edge value only the maximum efficiency can be attained. Right side of pipicks the rough sketch of layered structure. Where, two active organic layers separate both the electrodes. By making molecules face to face by maintaining optimum donor acceptor relative positions. In this section we further precede our methods of improving the efficiency in organic solar cells aseasedn small molecules, and their dependence in structure at molecular levels. Researchers have shown that to transfer maximum energy more effectively inside of complex three dimensional OPPoopss to align the donor molecules face-on, rather than relative to acceptor or edge-on to the acceptors. We know that exexitedn energy particle created when light is incident on the material and got absorbed. This efficiency of a cell depends on this exexitedThis exexiteds found at the donor acceptor interface inside the cell. At interface exexitedreates power by itself converting into haharearriers that travel to the electrodes. Meanwhile inside at molecular level the atoms inside the donor acceptor levels itself mixes, cluster or both leading to the variances inside the domain leading to affect the conversion process and thereby affecting the efficiency. It is difficult for an individual to consider all changes at a time. 2525146001249680Buthen we consider the face-on orientation, which allows the favorable interactions for charge transfer and lessen the recombination loss can be thought of when efficiency is considered. The sample picture of face-on orientation eaeatingo favorable charge interactions is seen in the picture beside. OBBouthen we consider the face-on orientation, which allows the favorable interactions for charge transfer and lessen the recombination loss can be thought of when efficiency is considered. The sample picture of face-on orientation leading to favorable charge interactions is seen in the picture beside. By energy harvesting and improved storage methods. Most significant problem now a day to an organic photovoltaic industry facing is loss of energy. Saving, storing the dissipated energy will improve the efficiency more than nyNYther methods we adopted so far. Most of the dissipated energy is in the form of heat. Loss of energy is because of organic materials lack in properties to hold them up. Energy harvesting is a process by which ambient neenergys captured and converted into electricity. These energy harvesting includes ththermostaticphotovoltaic, piezoelectric materials. More the harvesting and storage material is efficient, more the efficiency of the solar cell. Solution processing of small molecules to improve efficiency by 6. 7% In this section we see that the solution processed small molecule organic solar cells an perform up to efficiencies ranging 6-8%. A combination of polymer design, morphology control, structural insight and device engineering lead us this much of efficiency. However solution processed small molecule BHBBCave their efficiencies below the polymeric ones. 33147005715 Normalized ababsorptionsvs.waWavelengthan be seen from adjacent fgfigures a result of solution processing. Normalized ababsorptionsvs.waWavelengthan be seen from adjacent figure as a result of solution processing. The component DIDIDs added to the solution to enhance the efficiency improving properties. We have a range of 0-1% v/v vixing.

Consequences Of Extreme Govt. essays

Consequences Of Extreme Govt. essays The Consequences Of Extreme Government Every government ever created is unique. Whether the uniqueness is found in the decision-making process or in the way officials are elected, it creates that government distinctly different from the rest. Although every government is multifarious, many have similar characteristics, which can be compared and contrasted. The one characteristic that every government shares is the attempt to create a utopian society while at the same time maintaining peace and order among the people. Three specific governments that have done or doing this are the Russian government of the early 20th century, the current United States government, and the fictitious government created by George Orwell in his classic novel 1984. The reason that the different governments are interesting to work with is the different levels of success they had. The reason that governments have different success rates, or do not succeed at all, is they overlook essential elements that matter to the people. Why these thr ee governments worked or did not work had to do with how they gave their people opportunities to be active, created fear, communicated with the people, and used money. Both the Orwellian and the American governments work because they take into account these matters, but the early 20th century Russian government did not because it took different ideas and pushed them to such and extreme that the people had to react in extreme ways. Every four years in the United States, citizens have the right to be a part of the presidential election. The concept of the people voting and sharing there views does not seem to fit when the United States government is compared with the Orwellian society of 1984, and the early Russian government. In Orwellian society the people do not vote, because of the successful action of the government to brain wash all the citizens. To create an utopian society by making everyone a mind slav...

OM8025 assignment 7 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

OM8025 assignment 7 - Research Paper Example The question on how management can merge various cultures into one cohesive and dynamic work force becomes a challenge. To acquire success in any projects, blending of cultures while maintaining perspective and respecting each culture’s unique attributes must be studied and implemented. This research seeks to establish how management can merge various cultures into one uniform and vigorous working class, focusing on project perspective and understanding how diversity in the work place impacts on work production. This paper also aims to evaluate how peculiar qualities in Third World cultures can affect their ability to work with each other; and also how their cultural differences can eventually be merged into a coherent and positive work relationship. An organization is composed of people – people with different level of skills, knowledge and culture. In order to achieve the single goal of the organization, employees with different individuality must learn how to work with each other. Thus, to deal well with this diversity, the managers have to implement recruiting, mentoring, promotion methods, and strict policies on sexual and racial discrimination. Furthermore, if the underlying culture of an organization does not change, all other efforts to support diversity will fail (Daft 431). The research aims to answer the questions relative with cultural differences and cultural blending of various culture into one uniform and effective work force from a project perspective. Specifically, it aims to answer the following questions: Introduction of internet into the developing countries plays important role to the economic development. However, there some of the drawbacks associated with it such as unemployment since most of the businesses will be carried over the internet. Developing nations like the Philippines, Haiti, Uganda, and Afghanistan are facing these problems. However, because of the improvements associated with technology,

Compare and contrast federalism in Canada during the Keynesian era and Essay

Compare and contrast federalism in Canada during the Keynesian era and federalism in the neoliberal era - Essay Example ion’s flexibility has been responsible for finding solutions to public policy along with assisting it to rise to the challenges faced (â€Å"Canadian Federalism†, 2007). To put it simply, the country’s federation has been a common strength in identifying divergences and overcoming them thereby constructing a stronger nation (â€Å"Canadian Federalism†, 2007). The two centers of focus of the Canadian federal experience signify cultural dualism, the desire and ability of French and English speaking Canadians to survive as such along with the use of institutions of the government which they respectively dominate, and the other is public action to satisfy the material aspirations of individuals and groups living within an economy in which burdens and benefits are ascertained by the economic policies of successive federal administrations (Smiley, 1965). Canadian federalism exhibits the trend of decentralization (Lecture 17, n.d.). In spite of facing huge challenges the Canadian federation has made it work towards this trend (Lecture 17, n.d.). Early judicial decisions showed an inclination towards provincial power in Canada after 1867 (Lecture 17, n.d.). The election victory of 1896 marked he reversal of Macdonald’s centralism by Laurier (Lecture 17, n.d.). Both World War I and World War II brought interruptions in the movement (Lecture 17, n.d.). However, it spite of some federal states opting to move more towards centralized over time, Canada has remained persistent in its trend of decentralization of authority (Lecture 17, n.d.). Due to the influence of Great Depression (1929-1939), the Rowell-Sirois Commission revealed inclination towards economic management and social welfare from provinces to federal level (Lecture 17, n.d.). Reorganization of taxing functions was advised to favor federal assumption of new spending priorities and to enhance redistributive measures to offer national standards from coast to coast (Lecture 17, n.d.). However, the orders of the

Victims’ Rights and Vengeance Essay Example for Free

Victims’ Rights and Vengeance Essay There have been many alterations to the legal rights and assistance programs to better serve victims of crime. In every state, there are considerable rights in order to protect these victims. The statues of Victims’ rights influence how the victims are treated within the criminal justice system. â€Å"This was the key goal of the sweeping changes in the 2004 Crime Victims Act (CVRA), which became the â€Å"cutting edge of the third wave of victims’ rights.† (B. YU.L.Rev, 2005). â€Å"There are eight basic rights that crime victims have, the section 3771(a) provides these rights: 1. The right to be reasonably protected from the accused. 2. The right to reasonably, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding, or any parole proceeding, involving the crime or of any release of escape of the accused. 3. The right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding, unless the court, after receiving clear and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially altered if the victim heard other testimony at that proceeding. 4. The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding. 5. The reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the Government in the case. 6. The right to full and timely restitution as provided by law. 7. The right to proceedings free from unreasonable delay. 8. The right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy.† (Cohen, 2006). â€Å"The CVRA provides that victims may choose to have their own attorney and seek to assert the rights to be present and participate in the criminal proceeding. In the district court, a victim may make a motion for relief, including a motion to reopen a plea  agreement. (18 U.S.C  § 3771 (d) (5).) If the district court denies a victims motion, the CVRA provides for an expedited appellate review process. (Maryland also allows the victim to be represented by an attorney before the appellate courts. A crime victim may petition for a writ of mandamus, and the court of appeals must decide the petition within seventy two hours† (Mermelstein, M. Amer, S. M. (2013). The CVRA â€Å"contemplates active review of orders denying crime victims’ rights claims even in routine cases.† (Boland and Butler, 2009). â€Å"The 2004 Crime Victims Act (CVR A) came into effect to make sure that the victims were properly being taken care of and had an option to voice when it came to the defendant who victimized them. This law has been threatened many times. This law has also been amended many times as well. According to the Crime Victims’ Rights Act 18 U.S. C.  § 3771. This law allows the victim to be protected against the accuser. Sometimes this law is violated and the victim is not treated fairly. Most of the states have set laws as well as constitutional amendments that will make sure that the victims are protected within the criminal justice system. â€Å"Many victims try to assert their rights only to be turned down by the court†, (Boland and Butler, 2009) and in my opinion the judicial system has not upheld the law by not allowing that victims receive the full justice they very well deserve. In my opinion about vengeance, it is never appropriate in any circumstance, even with breaking the law. â€Å"This mortal vengeance seems a natural response but, as the myth makes clear, it invites further vengeance. The second truth, therefore, is that murder answered by revenge inspir es revenge in its turn. To this cycle of retributive vengeance there is no end. In other words of Mohandas Gandhi, â€Å"An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind† (Cohen, 2006). I feel vengeance can be a never ending cycle, it can keep continuing, one act after another. I also feel that the person that first intentionally hurt another person, and that person turns around and hurt the first person, they are just as bad of a person as the first person is. I really have to agree with what the Survivors Network does for the victims of crime. It helps them with the healing process and to overcome trauma that has happened to them. This network helps the victim to cope with what has happened to them. I feel this helps so they won’t participate in revengeful activity upon the accuser. The Survivors Network is helpful to the victims, as well as the victims’ families. References: University of Phoenix. (2007). Vengeance Time. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA/324 website University of Phoenix. (2009). Crime Victims Rights: From Illusion to Reality. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA/324 website University of Phoenix. (2006). The victims rights and the furies in American courts. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA/324 website. Mermelstein, M. (2013). From Victim to Victor: Corporate Crime in the Internet Era. Retrieved from http://www.americanbar.org/publications/blt/2013/11/01_mermelstein.html

Nietzsche: Moving Beyond Good and Evil Essay -- Philosophy Philosophic

Nietzsche: Moving Beyond Good and Evil We have grown weary of man. Nietzsche wants something better, to believe in human ability once again. Nietzsche’s weariness is based almost entirely in the culmination of ressentiment, the dissolution of Nietzsche’s concept of morality and the prevailing priestly morality. Nietzsche wants to move beyond simple concepts of good and evil, abandon the assessment of individuals through ressentiment, and restore men to their former wonderful ability. Nietzsche begins his discussion of good and moral with an etymological assessment of the designations of â€Å"good† coined in various languages. He â€Å"found they all led back to the same conceptual transformation—that everywhere ‘noble,’ ‘aristocratic’ in the social sense, is the basic concept from which ‘good’ in the sense of ‘with aristocratic soul,’†¦ developed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nietzsche 909). Instead of looking forward at the achievement for morality, Nietzsche looks backward, trying to find origins and causes of progression. He ultimately comes to the conclusion that strength implies morality, that superiority implies the good man. The powerful nobles, through pathos of difference, construed plebeians and slaves as bad, because of their inferiority in every sense of the word. From this concept of the pathos of difference was born the priestly morality, wherein the nobles were construed in an altogether di fferent and less favorable light. The origins of the priestly morality came from hatred and jealousy. â€Å"It is because of their impotence that in them hatred grows to monstrous and uncanny proportions, to the most spiritual and poisonous kind of hatred. The truly great haters in world history have always been priests; likewise the most ingenuous hat... ... slave morality that has choked the world ever since its inception. Nietzsche has been able to lift himself above the constraints of ressentiment in order to comprehend more fully what a truly great man is, and from what he has seen, he has been disgusted with the individual, wholly disappointed in human beings. He recognizes the nearly endless potential of the human mind, but must sadly turn away from the horror before his eyes that allows the poor, the meek, and the less able to command the respect of society. According to the general public, the birds of prey have become enemies to the world because of their perfect sight, their sharp claws, and their unequivocal ability. Nietzsche sees the lambs as the enemies to the world, the lambs who gaze up at the birds of prey with ressentiment and argue that it is better to be mediocre, it is far more just to be ordinary.

Children Life Essay

1.1 Mention the characteristics and needs of children that should be taken into account when selecting suitable literature. Emotions: Identification: A child must be able to identify with the story. Enjoyment: They must be able to enjoy the story. Moderate emotion: should show some emotion. Security: Child should feel safe. Intellectual Abilities: The story must be logical (as much as possible) it should also be systematic and consistent. It is more convincing when written from child’s point of view. Normative development: Should be based on natural feeling for values, without any serious and obvious moralizing. 1.2 What is the value of media in telling a story? Mention five (5) points. Can improve the young child’s visual literacy – e.g. – red light means stop. Can improve visual skills – Acquires the skill of Depth perception. Will help achieve a better understanding of new concepts – pictures are a representation of reality; provide a bridge between the real representation of something and its abstract image. Can stimulate children to use creative language – can let them discuss interesting aspects of an illustration. Can advance the reading readiness of the child. – they need to make fine discriminations and to interpret a series of symbols in order to read and spell. 1.3 Explain how a child’s language development can be improved by telling and reading stories. List your points. Expanding vocabulary Improving oral Language Using Creative Language Creating a desire to read Listening skills 1.4 How does poetry foster development in young children? Refer to four (4) instances. Can be used to further the child’s total development Intellectual Conscious Emotional Imaginative 1.5 How does children’s literature promote intellectual development? Mention  five (5) ways. In aiding their discovery and refinement of new concepts. Cultivating their proficiency in a range of thinking processes. Furthering their ability to reason logically. Fostering their critical thinking. Introducing them to problem solving. Question 2 Discuss the characteristics of children in the following age groups and explain how this influences the choice of suitable literature. 2.1 Babies 2.2 Children aged one to three years 2.3 Children aged four to five years 2.4 Children in grade R 2.5 Children in the Foundation Phase 2.6 Babies: 2.7 Characteristics 2.8 Influences of suitable Literature They are busy discovering the world around them. They need continual repetition of what they know and what is familiar. Babies can only give their attention to an activity for a short time. It is vital for them to hear language. Simple pictures of objects so they will recognize them from their immediate environment. Not much details in pictures, only one subject. They should sit on your lap so their need for physical contact can be met. Pages should be strong so they cannot be damaged easily. Children aged one (1) to three (3) years: Characteristics Influences of suitable Literature Rapid language development their vocabulary expands quickly, sentences put together become more correct and complete. Enormously interested in everything that happens around them. Enjoy repetition. Likes bright, cheerful colors and pictures. Becoming more skillful, can pick up something with their fingers. Beginning to take an interest in people, things and animals that is not a part of everyday life. Picture books from baby years still favorites. Picture books can now have themes outside immediate environment. Pictures should be bright, cheerful colors and can include a certain amount of detail. From 2 years, children are able to enjoy simple story books. Enjoy simple stories include a lot of repetition. Children of this age want to look at book themselves – ensure strong pages. Children aged four (4) to five (5) years: Characteristics Influences of suitable Literature Interest has broadened to include more than themselves and environment. Interest in other people. Cannot distinguish between fantasy and reality. 4 year old enjoy comical language, word games and words that represent sound. Enjoy obvious, silly jokes and often behave in rather silly ways themselves. Love exaggeration even when telling it themselves. Children of this age can now sit quietly and can concentrate for longer. Enjoys stories about â€Å"unknown†. Themes outside environment are perfectly appropriate. They enjoy and understand stories about events that â€Å"could† happen, however improbable. Funny stories, silly and full of exaggeration. Stories/books about people, animals and objects how to grow. They can look at a book for a longer period of time, and can listen attentively for longer. Favorite stories of 3 – 4 therefore suitable for this age group – not for long. Children in grade R Characteristics Influences of suitable Literature This age allows for broadening children’s understanding of the word around  them. 5 – 6 year olds can distinguish between fantasy and reality. Very inquisitive and eager to learn. Enjoy new discoveries and adventures. 6 year olds are no longer egocentric, and already have a more objective view of themselves and the world around them. 6 year olds begin to take an interest in no words and letters. 6 year olds with lots of exposure to books are keen and ready to be introduced to reading activities. 5 – 6 enjoys fantasies Like stories and books that convey info in a straight forward way. Simple adventure stories and books are suitable. Themes deal with less familiar, such as children from other countries. Children in the Foundation Phase Characteristics Influences of suitable Literature Children starting school are starting to read and gradually improve their mastering of this skill. When they start school they have a good grasp of the difference between fantasy and reality – of what can happen. Increasing responsible realization of right and wrong, and they begin to express their own judgment of right and wrong. Friends become extremely important and have an enormous influence on what a child wishes to do. Children develop an interest in hobbies – particularly in things they themselves can make or do. Stories with simple text that they can read. Enjoy fantasy tales, particularly those that are exaggeratedly â€Å"marvelous† (Roald Dahl) Books featuring descriptive language are also enjoyable, their stories must contain plenty action. Enjoy stories that teach them how to make things such as cook books. Humorous books.

Speech and Language Disorders Psychology Essay - 1294 Words

Speech And Language Disorders Psychology Essay Young children can have unclear speech and mispronounce words, but as the children get older they learn how to use their tongue, lips and brain to work in harmony to say difficult and unfamiliar words. For most children speech difficulties pass with time but for some they find it hard so they repeat or pro-long sounds. This can be very hard for children so they can struggle to find ways to avoid using these sounds or words. A phonological disorder is when a child has a problem with producing sound that is needed for the child to speak. Children with phonological disorder can have problems controlling their rate of speech and can fall behind when learning certain sounds. 2 to 3 year old†¦show more content†¦80% of children who stutter before the age of 5, will no longer stutter once they attend school for a year or so according to (Packman Onslow, 2002). Since most children will outgrow stuttering, it can be hard for parents and therapists to decide wither to go ahead with therapy or not. Therapy can be given if the sound and syllable repetition is frequent and if the child or parent is worried about it. Once the parent contacts the Health Service Executive and the Speech Language Therapist, the therapist can give the parent advice and can offer individual therapy or group therapy. The sooner the child is referred for speech and language therapy the prospect for success is greater. While there is no guarantee that therapy will cure the stuttering, therapy can help to increase confidence and self-esteem and lessen the amount of stuttering and improve the childs lifestyle. Childhood stuttering can develop into a severe physical and psychological disability in adulthood. They have difficulty breathing during stuttering. They may have a laryngeal block where the airflow is cut off during stuttering and also they can develop secondary behaviours such as twitching and eye blinking. The psychological symptoms can include, avoidance of feared sounds, words and speaking situations and they may also substitute a words for another word. According to Lavid stuttering is termed developmental stuttering to differentiate the condition from the occasional stuttering thatShow MoreRelatedPsycology Reflective Essay1296 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology 445 Reflective Essay This class has not only enabled me to become a better student, but also a more productive adult in various ways. Initially, I came into your class ecstatic because I knew the journey I would embark would be an exciting one; however, I encountered challenges throughout the course although learning new psychological methods is enthusing to me. I learned about the origin of psychology and the evolution of modern psychology. 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